What is it?
Hip dysplasia occurs when the ball (femoral head) and socket (acetabulum) of the hip joint do not fit together properly. This causes excessive motion, joint instability and uneven pressure on the cartilage. Over time, this leads to inflammation, joint degeneration and pain.
It’s most commonly seen in medium and large breeds (e.g., Labradors, German Shepherds, Rottweilers), but it can occur in any dog. Genetics, rapid growth, obesity and excessive early exercise are risk factors.
Clinical signs & changes
Dogs with hip dysplasia may show:
- Hindlimb lameness or limping (often worse after rest)
- Bunny-hopping gait during trot
- Difficulty rising, jumping or climbing stairs
- Reduced range of hip motion
- Stiffness after exercise
- Muscle wastage over the hindquarters
- Sensitivity around the hip area
Signs often worsen with age or excessive activity.
Veterinary diagnosis
Diagnosis is confirmed by a veterinary surgeon using:
- Orthopaedic examination
- Gait analysis
- Radiographs (X-rays)
- Occasionally advanced imaging (CT/MRI)
Management options include:
- Weight control and joint-friendly diet
- Controlled exercise and activity modification
- Anti-inflammatory/analgesic medications
- Joint supplements (e.g., glucosamine, omega-3s)
- Surgical options in select cases (e.g., total hip replacement, femoral head ostectomy)
Physiotherapy is a key part of long-term management following veterinary stabilisation.
Physiotherapy input
Structured rehabilitation can improve comfort, strength and functional use of the hindlimbs through:
- Targeted hip and core strengthening exercises
- Gait re-education and proprioception training
- Range-of-motion and flexibility techniques
- Pain relief modalities (e.g., therapeutic laser, manual therapy)
- Weight management support through controlled activity
Physiotherapy helps reduce compensatory strain on other joints and improves daily mobility.
Prognosis and long term management
Hip dysplasia is a chronic condition — with the right approach, many dogs remain active and comfortable long-term.
Key long-term strategies include:
- Maintaining ideal body condition
- Regular, low-impact exercise
- Environmental modifications (e.g., non-slip flooring, ramps)
- Seasonal therapy adjustments (cooling in heat, warm-ups in cold)
- Ongoing rechecks with your physio and vet